There are four types of AIP project:

• Single sites e.g. a road junction
• Route treatment e.g. increased conspicuity of bends using verge marker posts
• Area treatment e.g. traffic calming
• Mass action e.g. anti-skid treatment of the approach to all pedestrian crossings

Traditionally, AIP has sought to achieve solutions at low cost and this is often possible. Improvements to signing and lining can yield impressive results, together with changes to traffic signal phasing. More comprehensive schemes can cost tens of thousands of pounds, but given that an injury accident in an urban environment costs the community about £60,000, it is normally easy to justify investment in remedial measures. Good AIP work can save much money by obviating the need for expensive road realignment, for example.

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